Dermatological Condition after Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of skin diseases in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods:From January, 2012 to December, 2016, all the inpatients with SCI were collected through hospital information system, in which, the patients with skin problems referred to the dermatologists were screened. Their general demographic characteristics, the time of skin onset since SCI, segment of SCI, level of SCI, the distribution of skin lesion, and the dermatological diagnosis were all recorded. The number of skin diseases in each SCI patient was counted. Results:A total of 3152 inpatients with SCI were included, out of whom, 554 patients were referred to the dermatologists, and 785 person-times dermatological conditions were diagnosed. Among the 554 patients, the consultation rate of male patients was significantly higher than females (χ2 = 13.284, P < 0.001); the consultation rate of aged 18~35 years and aged 36~50 years groups was higher than aged less than 18 years and aged more than 35 years groups (χ2 = 15.994, P < 0.01); the appearence of the skin lesions within six months post-SCI was significantly higher than more than six months post-SCI (χ2 = 123.725, P < 0.001); the consultation rate of patients with cervical SCI was higher than those with thoracic and lumbosacral SCI (χ2 = 10.482, P < 0.01), and the consultation rate of tetraplegic patients was higher than paraplegia patients (χ2 = 9.172, P < 0.01). A total of 385 patients suffered one dermatological condition, while 169 patients suffered two or more dermatological conditions. Among them, men (χ2 = 6.108, P < 0.05), patients with cervical SCI (χ2 = 8.592, P < 0.05) and tetraplegic patients (χ2 = 8.592, P < 0.05) were more likely to suffer two or more dermatological conditions. Allergic (252 cases), infectious (186 cases) and sebaceous gland related (169 cases) skin diseases were the most common skin problems. Conclusion:Male, cervical SCI and tetraplegic patients are more likely to suffer two or more skin diseases. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of skin diseases common in SCI patients.

The Clinical Effects of Cognitive Behavior Nursing Model on Glaucoma Patients / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To explore the nursing effects of cognitive behavior nursing model in glaucoma patients and its influence on self-management behavior and long-term efficacy. Methods 102 cases of glaucoma patients who were admitted to the Department of-2017 in June 2014 July were randomly divided into the control group (n=51 cases) and the observation group (n=51 cases) . The control group received conventional nursing, the observation group with cognitive behavioral nursing mode. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the 2 groups members' psychological and emotional factors. Self Management Behavior Scale was used in the 2 groups at different time points to intervene patients's self responsibility, health knowledge,self care skills,general grading and self-managing ability, so as to compare the nursing effect of the 2 groups and the long-term curative effects. Results the Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05);the Self Management Behavior Scores of the observation group after nursing were higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05);the visual acuity of both groups before nursing was not statistically significant (P＞0.05); the visual acuities with nursing in the observation group after 3 months, 6 months were higher than the control group (P＜0.05) . Conclusion the cognitive behavior nursing model used in the treatment of glaucoma patients can improve the self-management behavior ability, improve the long-term effect of patients, and is worthy of popularization and application.

Self-controlled Study of Onychomycosis Treated with Long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064-nm Laser Combined with Itraconazole / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail plate and subungual area. In this study, we examined the efficacy of laser treatment using self-controlled study programs involving a long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser combined with oral medication.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Self-controlled strategies were followed in this study. The patients received treatment with oral itraconazole in conjunction with long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser treatment at the nails of the unilateral limb once a week for a total of four times. A total of 84 affected nails were divided into Group A (mild to moderate) and Group B (severe) according to disease severity. Affected nails with the same Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis scores were selected to compare the therapeutic effects of the pure medication treatment group and the combination treatment group with a 24-week follow-up period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Group A, at the 8th, 16th, and 24th weeks of follow-up, the efficacies in the pure medication treatment group were 81.0%, 81.0%, and 90.5%, respectively, while those in the combination treatment group were 100%, 95.2%, and 90.5%, respectively. The differences between groups were not significant (8th week: χ2 = 4.421, P> 0.05; 16th week: χ2 = 2.043, P> 0.05; 24th week: χ2 = 0.00, P > 0.05). In Group B, at the 8th, 16th, and 24th weeks of follow-up, the efficacies in the pure medication treatment group were 61.9%, 66.7%, and 52.4%, respectively, while those in the combination treatment group were 95.2%, 90.5%, and 100%, respectively. The differences between groups at the 8th and 24th weeks of follow-up were statistically significant (8th week: χ2 = 6.929, P< 0.05; 24th week: χ2 = 13.125, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For patients with mild or moderate onychomycosis, we recommended a pure medication treatment or combination treatment with medication and laser. For those patients with severe onychomycosis, we recommended a combination of medication and laser therapy.</p>

Long-pulse Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser treatment for onychomycosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recent research shows that lasers can inhibit fungal growth and that Nd:YAG 1064-nm lasers can penetrate as deep as the lower nail plate. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of a long-pulse Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser on 154 nails of 33 patients with clinically and mycologically proven onychomycosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-three patients with 154 nails affected by onychomycosis were randomly assigned to two groups, with the 154 nails divided into three sub-groups (II degree, III degree, and IV degree) according to the Scoring Clinical Index of Onychomycosis. The 15 patients (78 nails) in group 1 were given eight sessions with a one-week interval, and the 18 patients (76 nails) in group 2 were given four sessions with a one-week interval.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group 1, the effective rates at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 24 weeks were 63%, 62%, and 51%, respectively, and the effective rates in group 2 were 68%, 67%, and 53% respectively. The treatment effect was not significantly different between any sub-group pair (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Long pulse Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser was effective for onychomycosis. It is a simple and effective method without significant complications or side effects and is expected to become an alternative or replacement therapy for onychomycosis.</p>

Effects of laser irradiation on Trichophyton rubrum growth and ultrastructure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the most common causative agent of dermatophytosis worldwide. In this study, we examined the effect of laser irradiation on the growth and morphology of T. rubrum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Colonies of T. rubrum were isolated (one colony per plate), and randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups: Q-switched 694 nm ruby laser treatment, long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser treatment, intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment, 308 nm excimer laser treatment and the blank control group without treatment. Standardized photographs were obtained from grown-up fungal plates prior to treatment. Colonies were then exposed to various wavelengths and fluences of laser light. To compare the growth of colonies, they were re-photographed under identical conditions three and six days post-treatment. To investigate the morphology of T. rubrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained from specimens exposed to 24 hours of laser treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Growth of T. rubrum colonies was significantly inhibited following irradiation by 694 nm Q-switched and 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG lasers. Other treatments exerted little or no effect. Q-switched laser irradiation exerted a stronger growth inhibitory effect than long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Following treatment by the Q-switched ruby laser system, T. rubrum hyphae became shrunken and deflated, and SEM images revealed rough, fractured hyphal surfaces, punctured with small destructive holes. TEM images showed that the hyphae were degenerating, as evidenced by the irregular shape of hyphae, rough and loose cell wall, and obscure cytoplasmic texture. Initially high electron density structure was visible in the cell; later, low-density structure appeared as a result of cytoplasmic dissolution. In contrast, the blank control group showed no obvious changes in morphology.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Q-switched 694 nm ruby laser treatment significantly inhibits the growth and changes the morphology of T. rubrum.</p>

A case of systemic amyloidosis beginning with purpura / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Primary systemic amyloidosis is a relatively rare disease, caused when abnormal extracellular deposition of fibrillary protein builds up in a variety of target organs, such as heart, kidneys, lungs liver, and so forth. The symptoms of the disease are usually vague, while many kinds of auxiliary or laboratory examinations especially pathologic biopsy can provide a clue for the diagnosis. Here we described a case who had purpura-like lesions in the initial stage, followed by progressive malfunctions in the kidneys, the heart, the lungs, as well as the liver. The final diagnosis was primary systemic amyloidosis determined by skin pathologic biopsy. And the disease led to a fatal outcome within three months after the diagnosis.

Arbovirus investigation in some regions of Shanxi province in 2007 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate arboviruses in some regions of Shanxi province, isolation and identification for arbovirus activity from mosquitoes was conducted.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mosquitoes were collected from these area in 2007 and then used for virus isolation by cell culture. The virus isolates were identified by molecular biology and the sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten Banna virus (strains SX0765, SX0766, SX0767, SX0771, SX0789, SX0790, SX0793, SX0794, SX0795, SX0796) were isolated, and two Liaoning virus were also isolated from isolates SX0771, SX0794. Phylogenetic tree of the Banna virus isolates showed that ten strains are located in a distinct branch from all of the other Chinese Banna virus isolates. The homology is between 89.7% and 94.1%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ten Banna virus and two Liaoning virus were isolated during this arbovirus investigation in Shanxi province. New Banna virus isolates showed a distinct phylogenetic relationship with the other Chinese Banna virus strains.</p>